危险和有害因素辨识

危险因素，是指能对人造成伤亡或对物造成突发性损害的因素；有害因素，是指能影响人的身体健康、导致疾病或物造成慢性损害的因素。通常情况下，二者并不加以区分而统称为危险、有害因素。

<sectionstyle="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;widows:1;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:10px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;display:flex;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:0px15px0px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">01</section>危险、有害因素分类</section></section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">对危险、有害因素进行分类是进行危险、有害因素分析和辨识的基础。危险、有害因素的分类方法有许多种，主要有以下两种方法：</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1、按导致事故和职业危害的直接原因进行分类</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（1）物理性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1）设备、设施缺陷</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">强度不够、刚度不够、稳定性差、密封不良、应力集中、外形缺陷、外露运动件、制动器缺陷、设备设施其它缺陷。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2）防护缺陷</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">无防护、防护装置和设施缺陷、防护不当、支撑不当、防护距离不够、其它防护缺陷。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3）电</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">带电部位裸露、漏电、雷电、静电、电火花、其它电危害。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4）噪声</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">机械性噪声、电磁性噪声、流体动力性噪声、其它噪声。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5）振动</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">机械性振动、电磁性振动、流体动力性振动、其它振动。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">6）电磁辐射</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">电离辐射：X射线、g射线、a粒子、β粒子、质子、中子、高能电子束等；非电离辐射：紫外线、激光、射频辐射、超高压电场。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">7）运动物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">固体抛射物、液体飞溅物、反弹物、岩土滑动、料堆垛滑动、气流卷动、冲击地压、其它运动物危害。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">8）明火</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">9）能造成灼伤的高温物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">高温气体、高温固体、高温液体、其它高温物质。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">10）能造成冻伤的低温物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">低温气体、低温固体、低温液体、其它低温物质。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">11）粉尘与气溶胶</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">不包括爆炸性、有毒性粉尘与气溶胶。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">12）作业环境不良</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">作业环境乱、基础下沉、安全过道缺陷、采光照明不良、有害光照、通风不良、缺氧、空气质量不良、给排水不良、涌水、强迫体位、气温过高、气温过低、气压过高、气压过低、高温高湿、自然灾害、其它作业环境不良。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">13）信号缺陷</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">无信号设施、信号选用不当、信号位置不当、信号不清、信号显示不准、其它信号缺陷。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">14）标志缺陷</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">无标志、标志不清楚、标志不规范、标志选用不当、标志位置缺陷、其它标志缺陷。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">15）其它物理性危险和有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（2）化学性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1）易燃易爆性物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">易燃易爆性气体、易燃易爆性液体、易燃易爆性固体、易燃易爆性粉尘与气溶胶、其它易燃易爆性物质。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2）自燃性物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3）有毒物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">有毒气体、有毒液体、有毒固体、有毒粉尘与气溶胶、其它有毒物质。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4）腐蚀性物质</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">腐蚀性气体、腐蚀性液体、腐蚀性固体、其它腐蚀性物质。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5）其它化学性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（3）生物性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1）致病微生物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">细菌、病毒、其它致病微生物。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2）传染病媒介物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3）致害动物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4）致害植物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5）其它生物性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（4）心理、生理性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1）负荷超限</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">体力负荷超限、听力负荷超限、视力负荷超限、其它负荷超限。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2）健康状况异常</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3）从事禁忌作业</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4）心理异常</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">情绪异常、冒险心理、过度紧张、其它心理异常。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5）辨识功能缺陷</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">感知延迟、辨识错误、其它辨识功能缺陷。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">6）其它心理、生理危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（5）行为性危险、有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1）指挥错误</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指挥失误、违章指挥、其它指挥错误。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2）操作失误</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">误操作、违章作业、其它操作失误。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3）监护失误</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4）其它错误</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5）其它行为性危险和有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（6）其他危险和有害因素</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2、参照事故类别分类</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（1）物体打击</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指物体在重力或其它外力的作用下产生运动，打击人体，造成人身伤亡事故，不包括因机械设备、车辆、起重机械、坍塌等引发的物体打击。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（2）车辆伤害</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指企业机动车辆在行驶中引起的人体坠落和物体倒塌、下落、挤压伤亡事故，不包括起重设备提升、牵引车辆和车辆停驶时发生的事故。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（3）机械伤害</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指机械设备运动（静止）部件、工具、加工件直接与人体接触引起的夹击、碰撞、剪切、卷入、绞、碾、割、刺等伤害，不包括车辆、起重机械引起的机械伤害。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（4）起重伤害</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指各种起重作业（包括起重机安装、检修、试验）中发生的挤压、坠落、（吊具、吊重）物体打击和触电。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（5）触电</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">包括雷击伤亡事故。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（6）淹溺</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">包括高处坠落淹溺，不包括矿山、井下透水淹溺。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（7）灼烫</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指火焰烧伤、高温物体烫伤、化学灼伤（酸、碱、盐、有机物引起的体内外灼伤）、物理灼伤（光、放射性物质引起的体内外灼伤），不包括电灼伤和火灾引起的烧伤。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（8）火灾</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（9）高处坠落</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指在高处作业中发生坠落造成的伤亡事故，不包括触电坠落事故。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（10）坍塌</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指物体在外力或重力作用下，超过自身的强度极限或因结构稳定性破坏而造成的事故，如挖沟时的土石塌方、脚手架坍塌、堆置物倒塌等，不适用于矿山冒顶片帮和车辆、起重机械、爆破引起的坍塌。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（11）冒顶片帮</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（12）透水</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（13）爆破</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指爆破作业中发生的伤亡事故。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（14）火药爆炸</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">指火药、炸药及其制品在生产、加工、运输、贮存中发生的爆炸事故。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（15）瓦斯爆炸</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（16）锅炉爆炸</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（17）容器爆炸</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（18）其它爆炸</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（19）中毒和窒息</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（20）其它伤害

</section><sectionstyle="margin:0.5em1.2em;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;widows:1;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:10px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;display:flex;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:0px15px0px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">02</section>危险、有害因素辨识方法</section></section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1、直观经验分析方法</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（1）对照、经验法</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">对照、经验法是对照有关标准、法规、检查表或依靠分析人员的观察分析能力，借助于经验和判断能力对企业的危险、有害因素进行分析的方法。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（2）类比方法</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">类比方法是利用相同或相似工程系统或作业条件的经验和劳动安全卫生的统计资料来类推、分析企业的危险、有害因素。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2、系统安全分析方法</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">系统安全分析方法是应用系统安全工程评价中的某些方法进行危险、有害因素的辨识。系统安全分析方法常用于复杂、没有事故经验的新开发系统。常用的系统安全分析方法有事件树、事故树等。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-align:justify;widows:1;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:10px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;display:flex;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;"><sectionstyle="margin:0px15px0px0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">03</section>危险、有害因素辨识的主要内容</section></section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">1、厂址</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">从工程地质、地形地貌、水文、自然灾害、周边环境、气象条件、交通运输条件、消防支持等方面进行分析。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">2、厂区平面布局</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（1）总图：功能（生产、管理、辅助生产、生活区）分区布置；高温、有害物质、噪声、辐射、易燃易爆危险品设施布置；工艺流程布置；建筑物、构筑物布置；朝向、风向、防火间距、安全距离、卫生防护距离等。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（2）运输线路及码头：厂区道路、厂区铁路、危险品装卸区、厂区码头。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">3、建（构）筑物</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">耐火等级、结构、防火、防爆、安全疏散、朝向、采光、运输通道等。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">4、生产工艺过程</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">物料（毒性、腐蚀性、燃爆性物料）、温度、压力、速度、作业及控制条件、事故及失控状态等。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">5、生产设备、装置</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（1）化工设备、装置：高温、低温、腐蚀、高压、振动、关键设备、控制、操作、检修和故障、失误时的紧急异常情况。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（2）机械设备：运动零部件和工件、操作条件、检修作业、误运转和误操作。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（3）电气设备：断电、触电、火灾、爆炸、误运转和误操作、静电、雷电。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（4）危险性较大设备、高处作业设备。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（5）特殊单体设备、装置：锅炉房、乙炔站、氧气站、石油库、危险品库等。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（6）粉尘、毒物、噪声、振动、辐射、高温、低温等有害作业部位。</section><sectionstyle="margin:0px0px15px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:rgb(62,62,62);font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-indent:0em;widows:1;min-height:1em;line-height:2em;box-sizing:border-box!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;">（7）管理设施、事故应急抢救设施和辅助生产、生活卫生设施。</section>